AccScience Publishing / JSE / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/JSE026260115
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Self-supervised migration image restoration constrained by spatially variant point-spread functions

Jingwen Zeng1 ,  Hao Wang1* ,  Yingzhe Bai1 ,  Lu Xu1,2
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1 SINOPEC Geophysical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing , China
Received: 24 June 2026 | Revised: 18 September 2026 | Accepted: 22 September 2026 | Published online: 29 October 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Least-squares migration can improve image resolution and compensate for uneven illumination, but data-domain implementations require repeated modeling and migration. Image-domain methods based on point-spread functions (PSFs) reduce this cost by approximating the local Hessian response, yet their performance depends on the representativeness of local PSFs in structurally complex areas. We propose SPIRE-Net, a self-supervised migration image restoration framework constrained by spatially variant PSFs. The network predicts a restored image patch, which is then filtered by the PSF assigned to the corresponding spatial location. Training minimizes the mismatch between this PSF-filtered prediction and the input image patch without requiring supervised target images. Structure-aware adaptive PSF-paired sampling and a structure-enhanced consistency loss strengthen the constraint in complex structural regions. The Marmousi experiment demonstrates the ability of SPIRE-Net to solve the prescribed PSF-based image-domain inverse problem through self-supervised learning. Field-data comparisons show improved local reflector continuity and event separation relative to image-domain LSM in the examined regions, while preserving the main reflection geometry. These results suggest that spatially variant PSFs can serve as physical constraints for self-supervised migration image restoration.

Keywords
Spatially variant point-spread function
Migration image restoration
Self-supervised learning
Hessian compensation
Seismic imaging
Funding
This work was supported by the SINOPEC Science and Technology Department under Grant No. P26032 (“Geophysical Prospective Technology Research Program 2026”), Grant No. P26011_2, and Grant No. P24165; and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. U24B6001.
Conflict of interest
All authors are employees of SINOPEC Geophysical Research Institute Co., Ltd.; however, they were not involved in any activities that could constitute a conflict of interest in relation to this study. The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing