AccScience Publishing / JSE / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/JSE026270127
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An improved CNN-Transformer network for seismic denoising with local–global feature modeling

Zhaoyang Ge1 ,  Jingrui Luo1* ,  Guoxin Chen2 ,  Naijian Wang3
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1 School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi , China
2 Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang , China
3 BGP, Inc., China National Petroleum Corporation, Zhuozhou, Hebei , China
Received: 5 July 2026 | Revised: 10 August 2026 | Accepted: 11 August 2026 | Published online: 26 October 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

In seismic exploration, field data are always affected by noise, reducing the quality of subsequent analysis. Striking a balance between signal preservation and noise attenuation effectively is a major challenge. This study adopts a dual-branch framework with convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Transformer architecture that integrates blind-spot convolution (BS-Conv) for local detail capture, rank-augmented linear attention (RALA) for global feature extraction, and the gated CNN block (GCB) for adaptive feature selection to achieve high-fidelity signal reconstruction and noise suppression. Specifically, the CNN branch introduces BS-Conv to strengthen the local feature extraction of seismic data. The Transformer branch adopts RALA to capture long‑range dependencies, strengthening global feature extraction. Finally, each skip connection is equipped with GCB to adaptively extract relevant features. Both branches are constructed on the U-Net++ architecture and utilize its multi-scale feature-fusion capability to optimize denoising performance. The network was tested on synthetic data and field seismic data to validate the model performance. We quantitatively evaluated the denoising results using peak signal‑to‑noise ratio and structural similarity index. Comparative tests prove that this dual-branch denoising framework is superior to other methods in both noise reduction and signal fidelity. These results further confirm its effectiveness and robustness for seismic denoising on both synthetic and field data.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Deep learning; Seismic denoising
Blind-spot convolution
Rank-augmented linear attention
Gated convolutional neural network block
Funding
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 42374153), Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program (grant 2026CY-YBXM-818), and the Provincial Natural Science Foundation (grant LY23D040001).
Conflict of interest
Naijian Wang is an employee of BGP, Inc., but was not involved in any activities that could constitute a conflict of interest in relation to this study. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the execution, drafting, or dissemination of this study.
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing