Accurate characterization of low-order faults and sand bodies in complex faulted basins remains a core challenge in the exploration of subtle oil and gas reservoirs. Conventional seismic techniques are constrained by resolution bottlenecks and cannot meet exploration demands. The advancement of optical fiber distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology provides a new avenue for high-density surface–borehole joint acquisition. This study presents a bidirectional-driven high-resolution processing workflow optimized for DAS-enabled surface–borehole joint seismic data acquired in the complex fault systems of faulted basins. The proposed technology establishes an “Eight Unifications” surface-processing framework, defines the “Four Determinacies” core processing steps, and builds a “Three Synchronous Joint” surface–borehole joint bidirectional-driven processing flow to enable interactive constraints and iterative optimization of borehole and surface seismic data. Applied to the Cenozoic rift basin in eastern China, this workflow simultaneously delivered three-dimensional vertical seismic profile (3D VSP) and surface seismic imaging data. The 3D VSP imaging achieved a dominant frequency of 45 Hz and a bandwidth of 3–85 Hz, enabling identification of low‑order faults with throws ≥5 m within 4 km of the well. Surface seismic imaging yielded a dominant frequency of 35 Hz and a bandwidth of 4–68Hz, supporting continuous tracking of a 10–20 m throw fault in the work area. Field applications demonstrated that this technology significantly improves the precision of complex fault system characterization, establishes a high‑resolution surface–borehole joint exploration model tailored for rift basins, and provides a replicable technical template for oil and gas exploration in structurally complex areas.