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Wavefield reconstructed least-square reverse time migration based on stable pure qP-wave equation in tilted transversely isotropic media

YI DING1,2 ,  ZHENCHUN LI1,2 ,  KAI ZHANG1,2 ,  YUNYUN SANG3
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1 School of Geoscience, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, P.R. China.,
2 Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266555, P.R. China.,
3 Data Processing Center, Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting INC., China National Petroleum Corporation, Zhuozhou 072750, P.R. China.,
JSE 2022, 31(3), 279–303;
Submitted: 9 June 2025 | Revised: 9 June 2025 | Accepted: 9 June 2025 | Published: 9 June 2025
© 2025 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The anisotropy of underground media is an important physical property that affecting the propagation of seismic wave. It generally exists in sedimentary strata. Therefore, this property should not be ignored in the process of exploration seismic imaging. Vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) hypothesis ignores the influence of original stratum tilt on anisotropy. Although it remedies the defect of acoustic hypothesis to a certain extent, it is difficult to accurately describe the propagation of seismic wave in most cases, leading to serious imaging footprints in reverse time migration (RTM) and least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) based on two-way wave equation. LSRTM can hardly eliminate them by iterations or denoising in frequency domain. Tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) pseudoacoustic equation is a strategy that can be considered, but the assumption that shear wave velocity is zero brings serious numerical errors to the coupled equation under complex anisotropic conditions. We use a stable pure pseudoacoustic wave equation to simulate wavefield in TTI media and apply it to LSRTM. On this basis, the wavefield reconstruction algorithm in TTI media is further derived to constrain the inversion process of LSRTM. Our algorithm can suppress the artifacts of high-order scattering wave, and accelerate the convergence of objective function. Experiments show that our method can achieve images with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under TTI condition.

Keywords
tilted transversely isotropic media
least-squares reverse time migration
wavefield reconstruction
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing
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