ARTICLE

High-order pseudo-analytical method for acoustic wave modeling

REYNAM PESTANA1 CHUNLEI CHU2 PAUL L. STOFFA3
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1 Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Center for Research in Geophysics and Geology (CPGG), Rua Barão de Geremoabo, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,
2 ConocoPhillips, 600 N. Dairy Ashford Rd., Houston, TX 77079, U.S.A.,
3 Institute for Geophysics, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd., Bldg. 196, Austin, TX 78758, U.S.A.,
JSE 2011, 20(3), 217–234;
Submitted: 9 June 2025 | Revised: 9 June 2025 | Accepted: 9 June 2025 | Published: 9 June 2025
© 2025 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

For the time evolution of acoustic wavefields we present an alternative derivation of the pseudo-analytical method, which enables us to generalize the method to high-order formulations. Within the same derivation framework, we compare the second-order pseudo-analytical method, the Fourier finite difference method, and the fourth-order Lax-Wendroff time integration method. We demonstrate that the pseudo-analytical method can be regarded as a modified Lax-Wendroff method. Different from the fourth-order time stepping method, both the second-order pseudo-analytical method and the Fourier finite difference method use pseudo-Laplacians to compensate for time stepping errors. The pseudo-Laplacians need to be solved in the wavenumber domain with constant compensation velocities for computational simplicity and efficiency. Low-order pseudo-Laplacians are more sensitive to the choice of compensation velocities than high-order ones. As a result, we need to use the combination of several pseudo-Laplacians to achieve the required accuracy for low-order pseudo-analytical methods. When using the pseudospectral method to evaluate all spatial derivatives, the computation cost for the second-order pseudo-analytical method, the Fourier finite difference method, and the fourth-order Lax-Wendroff time integration method is approximately the same. Both the second-order pseudo-analytical method and the Fourier finite difference method have less restrictive stability conditions than the fourth-order time stepping method. We demonstrate with numerical examples that the second-order pseudo-analytical method, greatly improves the original pseudo-analytical method and as a modified version of the Lax-Wendroff method, is well suited for imaging seismic data in subsalt areas where reverse-time migration plays a crucial role.

Keywords
acoustic wave equation
seismic modeling
pseudo-method
pseudo-analytical method
pseudo-Lapliacan operator
Fourier finite-difference method
Lax-Wendroff method
Fourier pseudo-method
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Journal of Seismic Exploration, Electronic ISSN: 0963-0651 Print ISSN: 0963-0651, Published by AccScience Publishing